Trichoderma harzianum references

Response of micropropogated Ficus benjamina to Glomus mosseae, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus coagulans.

SRINATH, JAYANTHI & DAVIS JOSEPH BAGYARAJ.

Department of Agricultural Microbiology, UAS, GKVK Campus, Bangalore- 560 065, INDIA.

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A greenhouse investigation was conducted to study the influence of Glomus mosseae and plant growth promoting rhizomicroorganisms (Bacillus coagulans and Trichoderma harzianum) on growth and nutrition of micropropogated Ficus benjamina plantlets. There were eight inoculation treatments with twenty replications for each treatment. At 120 days after planting F. benjamina showed maximum plant height, biomass and P content when all the three organisms were inoculated together. Co-inoculation of G. mosseae and plant growth promoting microorganisms resulted in better growth and P uptake compared to inoculation with G. mosseae alone. Maximum mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers in the root zone soil of F. benjamina were highest when all the three organisms were inoculated. Dual inoculation of G. mosseae with either B. coagulans or T. harzianum enhanced mycorrhizal root colonization and sporulation compared to inoculation with G. mosseae alone. The population of B. coagulans and T. harzianum in the root zone soil was highest in plants inoculated with all the three organisms and minimum when these two organisms were inoculated individually. This indicates that G. mosseae enhances the growth and P content of micropropagated F. benjamina and this is further enhanced in the presence of B. coagulans and T. harzianum.

Yedidia, I; Benhamou, N; Chet, I. 1999. Induction of defense responses in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) by the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65(3):1061-1070.

Address:

I Chet; Hebrew Univ Jerusalem; Rehovot; Israel; IL-76100 BC

The potential of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum T-203 to trigger plant defense responses was investigated by inoculating roots of cucumber seedlings with Trichoderma in an aseptic, hydroponic system. Trichoderma-treated plants were more developed than nontreated plants throughout the experiment. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections from Trichoderma-treated roots revealed penetration of Trichoderma into the roots, restricted mainly to the epidermis and outer cortex. Strengthening of the epidermal and cortical cell walls was observed, as was the deposition of newly formed barriers. These typical host reactions were found beyond the sites of potential fungal penetration. Wall appositions contained large amounts of callose and infiltrations of cellulose. The wall-bound chitin in Trichoderma hyphae was preserved, even when the hyphae had undergone substantial disorganization. Biochemical analyses revealed that inoculation with Trichoderma initiated increased peroxidase and chitinase activities within 48 and 72 h, respectively. These results were observed for both the roots and the leaves of treated seedlings, providing evidence that T. harzianum may induce systemic resistance mechanisms in cucumber plants.

Siddiqui ZA; Mahmood I. 1996. Biological control of Heterodera cajani and Fusarium udum on pigeonpea by Glomus mosseae, Trichoderma harzianum, and Verticillium chlamydosporium. ISRAEL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES. 44(1):49-56.

Address:

Siddiqui ZA, ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIV,DEPT BOT,ALIGARH 202002,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA.

Glomus mosseae, Trichoderma harzianum, and Verticillium chlamydosporium were used alone and in combination for the management of wilt disease complex of pigeonpea caused by the nematode Heterodera cajani and the fungus Fusarium udum. Treatment of plants inoculated with pathogens increased plant length, shoot dry weight, number of nodules, and reduced nematode multiplication and wilting index. Simultaneous use of biocontrol agents against pathogens gave better control than their individual application. Parasitism of nematodes by V. chlamydosporium was also reduced in the presence of T. harzianum. The highest reduction in nematode multiplication was observed when all three biocontrol agents were used together.

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Dubsky M, Sramek F, Vosatka M. 2002. Inoculation of cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma harzianum. ROST VYROBA. 48(2):63-68.

Address:

Vosatka M, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Bot, CS-25243 Pruhonice, Czech Republic

Dual inoculation of peat based horticulture substrate with a mixture of four species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum showed a significant positive effect on the growth and flowering of cyclamen plants. Inoculation substantially decreased plant mortality caused by spontaneous infection by the fungal pathogen Cryptocline cyclaminis. Plant mortality was also reduced by separate inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Both separately inoculated agents positively affected the plant growth, although to a lesser extent. Very few significant effects of inoculation were observed on the growth of poinsettia plants cultivated from cuttings. Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi together with the introduction of Trichoderma for inoculation of horticultural substrates is suggested to alleviate the inevitable effects of various stresses during the cultivation of horticultural crops.

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CAMPRUBI A; CALVET C; ESTAUN V. 1995. GROWTH ENHANCEMENT OF CITRUS-RESHNI AFTER INOCULATION WITH GLOMUS-INTRARADICES AND TRICHODERMA-AUREOVIRIDE AND ASSOCIATED EFFECTS ON MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS AND ENZYME-ACTIVITY IN POTTING MIXES. PLANT AND SOIL 173: 233-238.

Address:

CAMPRUBI A, INST RECERCA & TECNOL AGROALIMENTARIES,DEPT PATOL VEGETAL,CTR CABRILS,CRTA CABRILS S-N,E-08348 BARCELONA,SPAIN

There have been some scientific reports suggesting that dual inoculations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and saprophytic soil fungi may cause an additive or synergistic growth enhancement of the inoculated host plant. Some Trichoderma spp. have shown antagonistic potential against pathogenic fungi and a beneficial effect on plant growth. Joint inoculations of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith, isolated from a citrus nursery (Tarragona, Spain) and a strain of Trichoderma isolated from an organic compost, were tested on a citrus rootstock, Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan. The interactions between both microorganisms and their influence on mycorrhizal root colonization and plant growth enhancement, the changes produced in the soil microbial activity, like esterase, trehalase, phosphatase and chitinase activities, and on microbial populations were evaluated in three organic substrates : (1) sphagnum peat and autoclaved sandy soil (1/1, v/v), (2) sphagnum pear, quartz sand and perlite (1/1/1, v/v) and (3) pine bark compost (BVU, Prodeasa Product). Dual inoculation with both, T. harzianum and G. intraradices significantly increased plant growth in two of the substrates used and was the best treatment in pine bark amended compost. These results show a synergistic effect of G. intraradices and T. harzianum on the growth of C. reshni in organic substrates and indicate the potential benefits of using combined inoculations.

DHILLION SS. 1994. EFFECT OF TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM, BEIJERINCKIA-MOBILIS AND ASPERGILLUS-NIGER ON ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION AND SPORULATION IN MAIZE, WHEAT, MILLET, SORGHUM, BARLEY AND OATS. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENKRANKHEITEN UND PFLANZENSCHUTZ-JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION. 101(3):272-277.

Address:

DHILLION SS, CNRS,CTR ECOL FONCTIONELLE & EVOLUT I EMBERGER,BP 5051,F-34033 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE

The purpose of this study was to test whether mycorrhizal infection in maize, wheat, millet, sorghum, barley and oat plants was affected by amending soils with Trichoderma harzianum, Beijerinckia mobilis or Aspergillus niger, all of varying functions, along with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal infection in different plant species was affected differentially by different soil amendments. The relationships and interactions within the rhizosphere of crop species may be specific to the combination of inoculum types used. The suggestion of biocontrol of root diseases, by the use of T. harzianum, and enhanced nutrient uptake, through increase solublization of phosphate by A. niger and nitrogen fixation by B. mobilis, when applied with AM inoculum needs to be evaluated for each crop species separately. The potential combined use of these organisms is high, and deserves further investigation as it relates to crop diseases, stress tolerance, and yield.